A groundbreaking doctoral thesis by Andreea Badache at Örebro University has found that good hearing and vision are strongly associated with better cognitive health in older adults. The findings, based on extensive data analysis across Europe, offer significant implications for public health strategies, healthcare policy, and the quality of life in ageing populations.
Sensory Abilities and Cognitive Decline
Hearing and vision loss are not just sensory issues—they affect memory and problem-solving
As we age, cognitive functions such as memory, spatial awareness, and problem-solving often decline. Badache’s research in disability science reveals a significant correlation between sensory health and mental sharpness in the elderly.
“Both our cognitive abilities and our hearing and vision change over time, and the connection between them becomes clearer as we age,” she explains.
With nearly 40% of Swedes over the age of 65 reporting hearing issues and around 10% suffering from visual impairment, the findings are especially relevant in the context of a rapidly ageing population.
Interventions Could Slow Cognitive Decline
Simple solutions like hearing aids and eye surgeries can make a big difference
Badache’s research suggests that maintaining good hearing and vision through assistive devices and medical interventions could delay or slow the rate of cognitive decline.
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“By ensuring good hearing and vision in older adults, we can enhance their independence,” says Badache. The thesis argues that such efforts not only support better daily functioning but also preserve mental faculties over time.
“These findings could significantly impact public health and offer valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals,” she adds.
Encouraging Trends in Sweden and Denmark
Older adults are doing better in daily life thanks to cognitive and sensory support
The research points to a positive trend in Sweden and Denmark, where older individuals have shown improved capabilities in daily tasks like eating, dressing, and household chores. These functional improvements are closely tied to cognitive ability, education level, and hearing and reading skills.
Badache notes that “among those with higher education, the prevalence of hearing and visual impairments is lower,” highlighting the role of education and awareness in mitigating sensory decline.
Gender Differences in Sensory Impairments
Vision loss is more common in women, while hearing issues are more prevalent in men
The thesis also reveals gender-based patterns in sensory decline. Women are more prone to visual impairment, while hearing difficulties disproportionately affect men. These disparities could guide targeted interventions to address specific needs across different demographic groups.
Redefining Successful Ageing
Older adults value health, psychosocial well-being, and dignity at life’s end
In a broader component of the thesis, Badache explored how people aged 75 and over define “successful ageing.” She found that health and psychosocial well-being were prioritized, and many participants expressed a desire for a peaceful, pain-free death.
“As people age, their definitions of successful ageing change,” she explains. “For instance, those aged 75 and older face different challenges compared to 65-year-olds.”
Backed by Pan-European Data
Insights based on a decade-long study covering 28 countries and Israel
Badache’s analysis drew on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)—a long-running study that has collected information since 2004 from adults aged 50 and above in 28 European countries and Israel.
The SHARE dataset offers comprehensive insights into the social, economic, and health-related dimensions of ageing at both individual and societal levels.
